Under fair housing laws, which organization can legally restrict membership based on religion?

Under fair housing laws, private clubs and religious organizations can legally restrict membership based on religion because they are exempt from certain provisions of the law. The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination in housing based on various protected characteristics, including religion; however, it also recognizes the rights of religious institutions to operate according to their beliefs. This exemption allows these organizations to maintain their identity and mission as a religious entity, which may include limiting membership to individuals who share their religious beliefs.

Other types of organizations, such as housing organizations, government entities, and groups selling real estate, do not have the same level of exemption when it comes to discrimination based on religion. These entities must adhere strictly to fair housing laws and ensure that access to housing is open to all individuals, regardless of their religious affiliations. The distinction for private clubs and religious organizations highlights the balance between civil rights and the right to religious freedom in the context of fair housing regulations.